Xanax blue pill - In total, officers seized 1,006 blister packs of 1 mg dose of Alprazolam - in total 10,060 pills - worth a street value of about $30,000, officials said. U.S. Customs …

 
Alprazolam is used to treat anxiety and panic disorders. It belongs to a class of medications called benzodiazepines which act on the brain and …. Holly mcfeeture

Common side effects of Valium vs. Xanax. Valium and Xanax have a similar side effect profile which is caused primarily by its depression of the central nervous system (CNS). Both of these medications can cause drowsiness, lightheadedness, and confusion. Both Valium and Xanax can affect the gastrointestinal system and cause nausea and …Blue Xanax is simply a variation of alprazolam, the active ingredient in Xanax. Whether it’s blue or another color, the hue of the Xanax pills doesn’t indicate authenticity or effectiveness. The color of the pill, including blue, green, white, or yellow, is often influenced by the specific formulation and the manufacturer’s preference.ALPRAZOLAM (al PRAY zoe lam) treats anxiety. It works by helping your nervous system calm down. It belongs to a group of medications called benzodiazepines.Side Effects. See also Warning section. Drowsiness, dizziness, increased saliva production, nausea, constipation, or change in sex drive /ability may occur. If any of these effects last or get ...Common street names for Xanax include Xannies (zan-knees), Handlebars, Bars, Blue footballs, Benzos, French fries, sticks, and ladders. Xanax tablets. Alprazolam or Xanax pills are dispensed in 0.25 mg, 0.5 mg, 1 mg and 2 mg strengths. The pills come in different shapes and colors depending on strength. The 2 mg tablets are white, green, …Common side effects of Valium vs. Xanax. Valium and Xanax have a similar side effect profile which is caused primarily by its depression of the central nervous system (CNS). Both of these medications can cause drowsiness, lightheadedness, and confusion. Both Valium and Xanax can affect the gastrointestinal system and cause nausea and …Alprazolam, sold under the brand name Xanax and others, is a fast-acting, potent tranquilizer of moderate duration within the triazolobenzodiazepine group of chemicals called benzodiazepines. [10] Alprazolam is most commonly prescribed in the management of anxiety disorders, especially panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). [6]In 2021, nearly 14% of overdose deaths involving opioids also involved benzodiazepines, a type of prescription sedative commonly prescribed for anxiety or to help with insomnia. 3 Benzodiazepines (sometimes called "benzos") work to calm or sedate a person, by raising the level of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA in the brain. …In this comprehensive guide, we’ll unravel the depths of Blue Xanax bars, exploring symptoms, risks, treatment options, and pathways to recovery. At 12 South Recovery in Lake Forest, CA, we’re committed to providing holistic care and support. Reach out to us at 866-311-4524 for personalized assistance and guidance on your journey to wellness.Twitter’s board of directors announced the company is adopting a limited duration shareholder rights plan to prevent Elon Musk from buying the social network. Twitter’s board of di...Blue Xanax pills carry the imprint 031 R by Actavis. The blue colorant is an inactive filler approved by the FDA as safe for human consumption. White Xanax: White Xanax, informally known as sticks, is the most common colored variants of Xanax. White bars contain 0.25mg to 2mg of alprazolam. The half-life of alprazolam (Xanax) is about 11 hours in adults. This means that it takes about 11 hours for the active ingredient in the medication to reduce by half in your body. In other words, if you were to take a single dose of alprazolam, the medication would likely be completely out of your system 22 hours after you take it. Xanax is in a class of drugs called benzodiazepines. These frequently prescribed medications are used to treat a range of physical and mental health conditions. Specifically, Xanax (also known by its generic name alprazolam) is used in the treatment of anxiety and panic disorders. 1,2 When it is used as prescribed as a short-term anxiolytic …In the case of Xanax, physical addiction is marked by physical withdrawal symptoms that ensue when the substance is discontinued. Some common side effects include headaches, nausea, vomiting, profuse sweating, blurred vision, and convulsions. Physical dependency develops over time as the individual’s body becomes used to the …Xanax (alprazolam) is a member of the benzodiazepine class of drugs. There are more than 15 different types of benzodiazepines, and together, these drugs represent some of the most commonly prescribed medications in the United States. 1 Addiction to and abuse of benzodiazepines like Xanax has skyrocketed in recent years, …Ativan (lorazepam) and Xanax (alprazolam) are very similar, but they also have notable differences, including: How fast they work : Xanax is the most rapid-acting benzodiazepine with the fastest relief of symptoms. Once taken, it starts working within 30 minutes. In contrast, Ativan may peak in two hours.Alprazolam (Xanax, Xanax XR, Niravam) is an anti-anxiety drug that belongs to the benzodiazepine class. Common side effects are fatigue, constipation, changes in weight, and addiction (dependency). Withdrawal symptoms are headaches, anxiety, nausea and vomiting. Do not take if pregnant or breastfeeding.Alprazolam (Xanax, Xanax XR, Niravam) is an anti-anxiety drug that belongs to the benzodiazepine class. Common side effects are fatigue, constipation, changes in weight, and addiction (dependency). Withdrawal symptoms are headaches, anxiety, nausea and vomiting. Do not take if pregnant or breastfeeding.Xanax (alprazolam) is a medication used to treat anxiety and panic disorders. One dose of Xanax can last anywhere from 31 hours to 134.5 hours (5.6 days) in the body, depending on factors related to the individual who took it. However, the calming, relaxing, and sedative effects of Xanax usually wear off within about eight to twelve hours.Options include: MedSnap: With this iPhone app, you can identify a pill by taking a photo of it. Poison Control Pill Identifier: This National organization offers an interactive search tool that lets you find a medication-based imprint code, shape and color, or drug name. FDA's Drug Identification: The Food and Drug Administration will identify ...10 Mar 2018 ... The Red Devil: a limited-edition 5mg counterfeit Xanax pill, introduced in 2016 in what has been widely interpreted as a marketing stunt.Alprazolam tablets are available as: 0.25 mg: white, oval, debossed “GG 256” on one side and scored on the reverse side - 0.5 mg: peach, oval, debossed “GG 257” on one side and scored on the ... Alprazolam is contraindicated in patients: with known hypersensitivity to alprazolam or other benzodiazepines.Alprazolam is used to treat anxiety and panic disorders. It belongs to a class of medications called benzodiazepines which act on the brain and …Jun 5, 2021 · A blue pill with “XANAX 1.0” imprinted on it will be either elliptical or oval-shaped and is identified as Xanax 1mg. When a doctor or other medical professional diagnoses an individual with one of the many conditions that Xanax is often prescribed for, due to the nature of benzodiazepines, the doctor will often start with a small dose ... This can make it dangerous for people taking benzodiazepines to drive or operate machinery or perform other hazardous tasks. Alcohol may potentiate these effects. Other commonly reported side effects include: amnesia (forgetfulness) confusion. constipation. nausea. sexual dysfunction. unsteadiness when walking or standing.Alprazolam is used to treat anxiety and panic disorders. It belongs to a class of medications called benzodiazepines which act on the brain and nerves ( central nervous system) to produce a...There is only one distinction between the various benzodiazepines. Xanax (alprazolam) and Ativan (lorazepam) are short-acting. Klonopin (clonazepan) and Valium (diazepam) are longer-acting. The ...Alprazolam exposure was not meaningfully affected in the presence of ritonavir. Prevention or management. Reduce XANAX dosage when ritonavir and XANAX are initiated concomitantly, or when ritonavir is …Xanax, one of the most commonly prescribed benzodiazepines, is generally considered safe for short-term use, but it can cause side effects like sleepiness, headaches, lethargy, dry mouth, and memory problems. Among older adults, long-term use of Xanax can also lead to cognitive issues that may resemble dementia.Enter the imprint code that appears on the pill. Example: L484 Select the the pill color (optional). Select the shape (optional). Alternatively, search by drug name or NDC code using the fields above.; Tip: Search for the imprint first, then refine by color and/or shape if you have too many results.May 31, 2022 · Xanax XR is in a group of drugs called benzodiazepines (ben-zoe-dye-AZE-eh-peens). Alprazolam affects chemicals in the brain that may become unbalanced and cause anxiety. Xanax XR is used to treat anxiety disorders, panic disorders, and anxiety caused by depression. Xanax XR may also be used for other purposes not listed in this medication guide. Use WebMD’s Pill Identifier to find and identify any over-the-counter or prescription drug, pill, or medication by color, shape, or imprint and easily compare pictures of multiple drugs. Best supplements you need to have in your carry-on, including magnesium to improve the quality of sleep and probiotics to protect your gut. Traveling is not the time to skip a qual...Generic Xanax Availability. Last updated on Apr 10, 2024. See also: Generic Xanax XR. Xanax is a brand name of alprazolam, approved by the FDA in the following formulation(s): XANAX (alprazolam - tablet;oral) Manufacturer: UPJOHN Approved Prior to Jan 1, 1982 Strength(s): 0.25MG , 0.5MG , 1MG ; Manufacturer: …Best supplements you need to have in your carry-on, including magnesium to improve the quality of sleep and probiotics to protect your gut. Traveling is not the time to skip a qual...Recommended starting oral dosage is 0.25 mg to 0.5 mg three times daily. o. Dosage may be increased, at intervals of every 3 to 4 days, to a maximum recommended daily dose of 4 mg, given in divided doses. o. Use the lowest possible effective dose and frequently assess the need for continued treatment. •.A significant number of high school and college students purchase Adderall and Xanax from dark web drug markets and/or through social media referrals. 1, which market deadly versions of these drugs tainted with fentanyl and/or ... Counterfeit M30 pills can vary in color from white to blue. The best way to avoid counterfeit medication is to …Enter the imprint code that appears on the pill. Example: L484 Select the the pill color (optional). Select the shape (optional). Alternatively, search by drug name or NDC code using the fields above.; Tip: Search for the imprint first, then refine by color and/or shape if you have too many results.Blue Xanax is a specific brand of alprazolam, a prescription medication used to treat anxiety and panic disorders. It’s important to understand that Xanax is a controlled substance with potential risks, so it’s crucial to consult a healthcare professional before considering its use. Need help getting addiction treatment? 866.330.9449.itraconazole. Xanax (alprazolam) +. itraconazole. 1 interaction. Contraindicated. alprazolam + itraconazole. contraindicated during and x2wk after itraconazole tx: combo may incr. alprazolam levels, risk of CNS and resp. depression, psychomotor impairment, other adverse effects (hepatic metab. inhibited) ketoconazole.Delirium. Nausea. Anxiety. Irritability. If you experience symptoms including shortness of breath, seizures, a severe skin rash, yellowing of the skin or eyes, confusion, problems with speech or ...itraconazole. Xanax (alprazolam) +. itraconazole. 1 interaction. Contraindicated. alprazolam + itraconazole. contraindicated during and x2wk after itraconazole tx: combo may incr. alprazolam levels, risk of CNS and resp. depression, psychomotor impairment, other adverse effects (hepatic metab. inhibited) ketoconazole.In 2021, nearly 14% of overdose deaths involving opioids also involved benzodiazepines, a type of prescription sedative commonly prescribed for anxiety or to help with insomnia. 3 Benzodiazepines (sometimes called "benzos") work to calm or sedate a person, by raising the level of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA in the brain. …ALPRAZOLAM (Generic for XANAX) QTY 60 • 0.5 MG • Tablet • Near 77381. Add to Medicine Chest. Set Price Alert. ALPRAZOLAM/Xanax (al PRAY zoe lam) treats anxiety. It works by helping your nervous system calm down. It belongs to a group of medications called benzodiazepines. Pricing.7 Sept 2022 ... What Is a Blue Xanax Pill? ... Blue Xanax, besides its dosage, is formulated similarly to other colored Xanax pills. Xanax 1mg is an elliptical or ...Jan 18, 2023 · XANAX is contraindicated in patients: • with known hypersensitivity to alprazolam or other benzodiazepines. Angioedema has been reported [see Adverse Reactions (6.2)]. • taking strong cytochrome ... 5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS. 5.1 Risks from Concomitant Use with Opioids - Concomitant use of benzodiazepines, including XANAX, and opioids may ... When taken with alcohol or drugs that cause sleepiness or dizziness, such as opioid medications or sleeping pills, XANAX may make your sleepiness or dizziness much worse. The most common side effects of XANAX include problems with coordination, hypotension, trouble saying words clearly, and changes in sex drive (libido). More teenagers and young people use drugs than any other age group: in 2017, 16.5% of 16- to 19-year-olds and 21.2% of 20- to 24-year-olds across England and Wales said they had taken drugs in the ...Each Folnx tablet contains pyridoxal-5-phosphate, or vitamin B-6; mecabalamin; levomefolate calcium; calcium phosphate dibasic; and hypromellose, according to Aegis Shield. Additio...Blue Xanax can be light blue or pasty blue. The 1 mg pills tend to come in an elliptical or oval “blue football” shape, while “bars” of 2 mg blue Xanax will look like a small rectangle. Weight. Blue Xanax pills will weigh more than the included dose of alprazolam. Filling agents like sugar and coloring additives usually weigh a lot more ...Sep 26, 2022 · Some dosage forms listed on this page may not apply to the brand name Xanax. Applies to alprazolam: oral solution, oral tablet, oral tablet disintegrating, oral tablet extended release. Serious side effects of Xanax. Along with its needed effects, alprazolam (the active ingredient contained in Xanax) may cause some unwanted effects. Sep 26, 2022 · Oral. Dosage of 3–6 mg daily recommended, but dosage has ranged from 1–10 mg daily. Initiate at low dosage; increase dosage gradually until an acceptable therapeutic response is achieved, intolerable adverse effects occur, or a maximum dosage of 10 mg daily is achieved. Initially, 0.5–1 mg daily. Key Takeaways. Xanax, or alprazolam, is a benzodiazepine prescribed for anxiety and panic disorders but can lead to addiction and dependence. Misuse of Xanax is prevalent among young adults and can lead to serious health risks, including overdose when combined with opioids or alcohol.Nov 16, 2016 · Blue Xanax Bar. Most blue Xanax pills contain 1 mg of alprazolam, except for the 2 mg bar. Users can break the pills in half to consume a 0.5 mg dose. These pills are schedule IV controlled substances available by prescription only. The round blue Xanax pill of 1 mg strength is imprinted with 031 R by manufacturer Actavis. Xanax may cause serious side effects. Some serious side effects are more common than others. Serious side effects that have been reported with Xanax include:. seizures*; low blood pressure*Blue Xanax is a 0.5mg tablet, the lowest-strength tablet available. Blue alprazolam pills are typically prescribed to treat anxiety, panic disorder, and other related symptoms. Xanax relaxes the system by increasing the levels of the neurotransmitter GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) in the brain. GABA is responsible for calming the body, and ...More teenagers and young people use drugs than any other age group: in 2017, 16.5% of 16- to 19-year-olds and 21.2% of 20- to 24-year-olds across England and Wales said they had taken drugs in the ...RxList says that Xanax comes in tablets containing 0.25, 0.5, 1 or 2 milligrams of the drug alprazolam. The 0.5 milligram tablet is yellow, and the 1 milligram tablet is blue. The ...Dry mouth, headache, and a decrease in libido (sexual drive) are also common. May impair reaction skills and affect a person's ability to drive or operate machinery. Avoid alcohol (can enhance the sedative effect). Alprazolam is potentially addictive and may cause emotional and physical dependence.Xanax is a benzodiazepine medicine. Taking benzodiazepines with opioid medicines, alcohol, or other central nervous system depressants (including street drugs) can cause severe drowsiness, breathing problems (respiratory depression), coma and death. Xanax can make you sleepy or dizzy, and can slow your thinking and motor skills.Xanax is an effective medication for managing panic and anxiety attacks. However, using it without a prescription or in ways other than prescribed can pose ...CBP officers then unraveled the yarn which revealed stacks of 10-pill blister packs taped to the inner spool. In total, CBP officers seized 1,006 blister packs of 1 mg …Dizziness or Drowsiness. Getty Images. About one in five people on Xanax report feeling light-headed and two in five say they feel sleepy when taking Xanax for anxiety disorders, according to the ...Anxiety Associated With Depression. Decrease initial dose to 0.25 mg PO q8-12hr; may gradually increase if needed and as tolerated; may increase every 3-4 days by ≤ 1 mg/day to 1-4 mg/day. Maintenance: 1-4 mg/day PO divided q8hr. Dosing Considerations. Use smallest effective dose to avoid ataxia and oversedation.May 8, 2023 · Article at a Glance: Xanax is a short-acting anti-anxiety drug used to treat anxiety and panic disorders. Xanax affects the central nervous system and calms the brain and nerves by increasing GABA neurotransmitter levels. Xanax comes in a regular form and an extended-release form. Xanax can be very effective in helping people cope with symptoms ... Pill Imprint GG 258. This blue elliptical / oval pill with imprint GG 258 on it has been identified as: Alprazolam 1 mg. This medicine is known as alprazolam. It is available as a prescription only medicine and is commonly used for Anxiety, Borderline Personality Disorder, Depression, Dysautonomia, Panic Disorder, Tinnitus. 1 / 6. Blue Xanax can be light blue or pasty blue. The 1 mg pills tend to come in an elliptical or oval “blue football” shape, while “bars” of 2 mg blue Xanax will look like a small rectangle. Weight. Blue Xanax pills will weigh more than the included dose of alprazolam. Filling agents like sugar and coloring additives usually weigh a lot more ... Each Folnx tablet contains pyridoxal-5-phosphate, or vitamin B-6; mecabalamin; levomefolate calcium; calcium phosphate dibasic; and hypromellose, according to Aegis Shield. Additio...History of Xanax Use. Xanax is most commonly prescribed to treat: Anxiety. Panic disorders. Dr. Leo Sternbach created the first benzodiazepine—chlordiazepoxide (Librium)—in 1956 in an attempt to create safer, less addictive alternatives to traditional tranquilizer drugs such as alcohol, barbiturates, and meprobamate.Although this will not come as news to anyone who’s been on any one of the most common psychiatric medicatio Although this will not come as news to anyone who’s been on any one of ...When taken with alcohol or drugs that cause sleepiness or dizziness, such as opioid medications or sleeping pills, XANAX may make your sleepiness or dizziness much worse. The most common side effects of XANAX include problems with coordination, hypotension, trouble saying words clearly, and changes in sex drive (libido).XANAX is contraindicated in patients: • with known hypersensitivity to alprazolam or other benzodiazepines. Angioedema has been reported [see Adverse Reactions (6.2)]. • taking strong cytochrome ... 5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS. 5.1 Risks from Concomitant Use with Opioids - Concomitant use of benzodiazepines, including XANAX, and opioids may ...Alprazolam is a safe and effective medication when used as directed. Benzodiazepines may produce emotional and/or physical dependence (addiction) even when used as recommended. Physical dependence may develop after 2 or more weeks of daily use. The risk of withdrawal reactions when stopping therapy with alprazolam is increased with …Rare/Serious side effects. Shortness of breath, trouble speaking, feeling very tired, dizziness, or passing out. Increased heart rate, headache, memory impairment, irritability, and restlessness may occur. Some people taking benzodiazepines develop a severe allergic reaction and swelling of the face. Alprazolam is used to treat anxiety and panic disorders. It belongs to a class of medications called benzodiazepines which act on the brain and nerves ( central nervous system) to produce a ... sweating. tachycardia (fast heartbeat) changes in vision. nausea. restlessness. tremors. confusion. If you’re predisposed to seizures, your risk of having a seizure may also increase during the ...Alprazolam, known by various trade names, is the most commonly prescribed psychotropic medication in the United States. Alprazolam is frequently prescribed to manage panic and anxiety disorders. Alprazolam has also been misused for recreational purposes because of its disinhibition, euphoria, and anxiolytic effects. FDA-labeled indications include anxiety disorders and panic disorders with or ...The half-life of Xanax is 8–16 hours in a healthy person, with a mean half-life of 11 hours. This is shorter than that of many other benzodiazepines. However, the term “half-life” can be ...If discussing the real oval-shaped blue Xanax pill, this type of Xanax is of middling potency, containing 1 mg of alprazolam. Xanax also comes in the form of a white bar pill, which is 2 mg strength, and two smaller pills, a 0.5 mg orange oval pill and a 0.25 mg white oval pill. All these drugs should be taken as prescribed, although higher ...Keeping track of multiple medicines can be a challenge. If you accidentally spill your pill box or you find a pill that fell out of the bottle, you may need help figuring out which...XANAX is indicated for the: • acute treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in adults. • treatment of panic disorder (PD), with or without …

The Comstock Act is suddenly in the public spotlight, and has become the newest weapon in the fight against legal abortion in the U.S. Advertisement Anthony Comstock would have hat.... 4 ounces in liters

xanax blue pill

Xanax is intended to be taken only for a short time. It acts quickly to relieve anxiety, but can become habit-forming if taken over a long period. The effects of Xanax happen fast, usually within an hour. Xanax is short-acting, and half of it is gone within about 11 hours. Xanax is typically taken three times a day.In this comprehensive guide, we’ll unravel the depths of Blue Xanax bars, exploring symptoms, risks, treatment options, and pathways to recovery. At 12 South Recovery in Lake Forest, CA, we’re committed to providing holistic care and support. Reach out to us at 866-311-4524 for personalized assistance and guidance on your journey to …Pill Imprint GG 258. This blue elliptical / oval pill with imprint GG 258 on it has been identified as: Alprazolam 1 mg. This medicine is known as alprazolam. It is available as a prescription only medicine and is commonly used for Anxiety, Borderline Personality Disorder, Depression, Dysautonomia, Panic Disorder, Tinnitus. 1 / 6.Xanax is a medication commonly prescribed for panic disorder in the US. Findings from a recent study have suggested that Xanax for panic disorder may be less effective than previously thought ... Alprazolam is used to treat anxiety and panic disorders. It belongs to a class of medications called benzodiazepines which act on the brain and nerves ( central nervous system) to produce a ... Side Effects. See also Warning section. Drowsiness, dizziness, increased saliva production, nausea, constipation, or change in sex drive /ability may occur. If any of these effects last or get ...Xanax is an effective medication for managing panic and anxiety attacks. However, using it without a prescription or in ways other than prescribed can pose ...increased energy, decreased need for sleep; racing thoughts, being agitated or talkative; double vision; or. jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes). Drowsiness or dizziness may last longer in ...Side Effects. See also Warning section. Drowsiness, dizziness, increased saliva production, nausea, constipation, or change in sex drive /ability may occur. If any of these effects last or get ...Xanax XR is in a group of drugs called benzodiazepines (ben-zoe-dye-AZE-eh-peens). Alprazolam affects chemicals in the brain that may become unbalanced and cause anxiety. Xanax XR is used to treat anxiety disorders, panic disorders, and anxiety caused by depression. Xanax XR may also be used for other purposes not listed in this …Blue Xanax pills can be elliptical or oval-shaped and contain 1 mg of alprazolam. Alternatively, a bar-shaped pill of blue Xanax might contain 2 mg of alprazolam. The …In the case of Xanax, physical addiction is marked by physical withdrawal symptoms that ensue when the substance is discontinued. Some common side effects include headaches, nausea, vomiting, profuse sweating, blurred vision, and convulsions. Physical dependency develops over time as the individual’s body becomes used to the …Side Effects. See also Warning section. Drowsiness, dizziness, increased saliva production, nausea, constipation, or change in sex drive /ability may occur. If any of these effects last or get ...May 9, 2024 · Xanax Effects. When taken orally, Xanax is rapidly absorbed. Thus, effects can be experienced within 30 minutes and can last up to roughly 6 hours. 3 The most common adverse effects of alprazolam include impaired coordination, low blood pressure, difficulty speaking, and increased libido. 5. Additional adverse effects of Xanax include: 1,3. Store XANAX at room temperature between 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C) Keep XANAX and all medicines out of the reach of children. General information about the safe and effective use of XANAX. Medicines are sometimes prescribed for purposes other than those listed in a Medication Guide. Do not use XANAX for a condition for which it was not ... Alprazolam, sold under the brand name Xanax and others, is a fast-acting, potent tranquilizer of moderate duration within the triazolobenzodiazepine group of chemicals called benzodiazepines. [10] Alprazolam is most commonly prescribed in the management of anxiety disorders, especially panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). [6] A blue-colored Xanax tablet with "XANAX 1.0" inscribed on it can either be oblong-shaped or elliptical and is a 1mg dose of Xanax. Like many pills, blue Xanax often appears with a number stamp on it. In the case of blue Xanax, it often looks like a blue pill shaped like a bar with "B707" stamped on it. This is a 2 mg dose of alprazolam..

Popular Topics